Diversion of opioid maintenance treatment medications and predictors for diversion among Finnish maintenance treatment patients

Diversion and abuse of the medications used in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) methadone (MET), mono-buprenorphine (BUP) and buprenorphine-naloxone (BNX) have been documented in countries around the world, for example in France (Auriacombe, Fatseas, Dubernet, Daulouede, & Tignol, 2004; Nordmann et al., 2012; Obadia, Perrin, Feroni, Vlahov, & Moatti, 2001; Roux et al., 2008a; Roux et al., 2008b; Vidal-Trecan, Varescon, Nabet, & Boissonnas, 2003), Australia (Aitken, Higgs, & Hellard, 2008; Degenhardt et al., 2009; Horyniak, Dietze, Larance, Winstock, & Degenhardt, 2011; Jenkinson, Clark, Fry, & Dobbin, 2005; Larance et al., 2011a; Winstock & Lea, 2010), USA (Bazazi, Yokell, Fu, Rich, & Zaller, 2011; Cicero, Surratt, & Inciardi, 2007; Dasgupta et al., 2010; Johanson, Arfken, di Menza, & Sc…